Ngomhla we-15 kaNovemba, i-RCEP, esona sivumelwano sikhulu sezoqoqosho sehlabathi, satyikitywa ngokusemthethweni emva kweminyaka esibhozo yothethathethwano! Indawo yorhwebo olukhululekileyo enabona bantu baninzi, esona sakhiwo samalungu sahlukeneyo, kunye nesakhono esikhulu sophuhliso kwihlabathi sazalwa. Esi sisiganeko esibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokumanyaniswa koqoqosho lwengingqi yaseMpuma Asia, kwaye kufake amandla amatsha ekubuyiseni uqoqosho lwengingqi kunye nehlabathi.

Ngaphezulu kwe-90% yeemveliso ngokuthe ngcembe azihlawuli iirhafu

Uthethathethwano lwe-RCEP lusekelwe kwintsebenziswano yangaphambili "10+3" kunye nokwandisa umda ukuya ku-"10+5". Ngaphambi koku, i-China iseke indawo yokurhweba yamahhala kunye namazwe alishumi ase-ASEAN, kwaye umrhumo we-zero we-China-ASEAN Free Trade Area igubungele ngaphezu kwe-90% yezinto zerhafu zamaqela omabini.

Ngokutsho kweChina Times, uZhu Yin, unjingalwazi onxulumene neSebe loLawulo loLuntu kwiSikolo soBudlelwane baMazwe ngaMazwe, uthe, "Uthethathethwano lweRCEP ngokungathandabuzekiyo luya kuthatha amanyathelo amakhulu ekunciphiseni imiqobo yerhafu. Kwixesha elizayo, i-95% okanye ngaphezulu yezinto zerhafu aziyi kukhutshwa ekubeni zibandakanywe kwi-scope ye-zero tariffs. Indawo yentengiso nayo iya kuba nkulu ngakumbi, eyinzuzo enkulu yomgaqo-nkqubo kwiinkampani zorhwebo zangaphandle. "

Ngokweenkcukacha-manani zowama-2018, amazwe ali-15 angamalungu esi sivumelwano aza kujongana nabantu abamalunga ne-2.3 yeebhiliyoni kwihlabathi jikelele, ethatha i-30% yabemi behlabathi; iyonke i-GDP iya kudlula i-US$25 yetriliyoni, kwaye ummandla ogqunyiweyo uya kuba ngowona mmandla mkhulu worhwebo wasimahla wehlabathi.

Kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala zalo nyaka, umthamo wezorhwebo phakathi kweChina kunye ne-ASEAN ufikelele kwi-US $ 481.81 yezigidigidi, ukwanda kwe-5% ngonyaka. I-ASEAN ngokwembali yaba lelona qabane likhulu lezorhwebo lase-China, kwaye utyalo-mali lwase-China e-ASEAN lonyuke nge-76.6% unyaka nonyaka.

Ukongeza, ukuqukunjelwa kwesivumelwano kuya kunceda ekwakheni ikhonkco lokubonelela kunye nekhonkco lexabiso kwingingqi. UWang Shouwen, uSekela Mphathiswa wezoRhwebo kunye noSekela-Mmeli weNtetho yoRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe, wakha wabonisa ukuba ukubunjwa kwendawo yorhwebo olukhululekileyo kummandla kuya kunceda ummandla wendawo ukuba wenze ikhonkco lokubonelela kunye nexabiso elisekelwe kwiinzuzo zalo ezithelekisayo, kwaye iya kuchaphazela ukuhamba kweempahla kunye nobuchwepheshe kummandla. , Ukuhamba kwenkonzo, ukuhamba kwemali, kubandakanywa ukuhamba kwabantu abawela umda kuya kuba neenzuzo ezinkulu, ukwenza umphumo "wokudala urhwebo".

Thatha ishishini lempahla njengomzekelo. Ukuba iingubo zaseVietnam ngoku zithunyelwa eChina, kuya kufuneka kuhlawule iirhafu. Ukuba ijoyina isivumelwano sokurhweba ngokukhululekileyo, ikhonkco lexabiso lengingqi liya kudlala. I-China ingenisa uboya obuvela e-Australia naseNew Zealand. Ngenxa yokuba ityikitye izivumelwano zorhwebo zasimahla, ingangenisa ngaphandle uboya ngaphandle kwentlawulo kwixesha elizayo. Emva kokungenisa elizweni, iya kulukwa ibe ngamalaphu eTshayina. Eli laphu lingathunyelwa eVietnam. IVietnam isebenzisa eli laphu ukwenza iimpahla ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe eMzantsi Korea, eJapan, eChina nakwamanye amazwe, ezi zinokuthi zingabikho rhafu, eziya kukhuthaza uphuhliso lweshishini lempahla yasekhaya kunye nempahla, ukusombulula ingqesho, kwaye kulunge kakhulu ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle. .

Ke ngoko, emva kokuba i-RCEP isayinwe, ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-90% yeemveliso ngokuthe ngcembe zero zero, iya kukhuthaza kakhulu amandla ezoqoqosho kumalungu angaphezu kweshumi elinesibini, kubandakanya neTshayina.

Kwangaxeshanye, kumxholo wenguqu kubume boqoqosho lwangaphakathi kunye nokwehla kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle, i-RCEP iza kuzisa amathuba amatsha okuthunyelwa kwelaphu kunye nempahla yaseTshayina kumazwe angaphandle.

Lithini ifuthe kushishino lwamalaphu?

Imithetho yeMvelaphi iququzelela ukuThuthwa kweMpahla ekrwada yeTelephu

Kulo nyaka iKomiti yoThethathethwano ye-RCEP iya kugxila kwingxoxo kunye nokucwangciswa kwemithetho yemvelaphi kumagatya oluntu. Ngokungafaniyo ne-CPTPP, enemigaqo engqongqo yeemfuno zemvelaphi yeemveliso ezinandipha iirhafu zero kumazwe angamalungu, njengoshishino lwelaphu kunye neengubo Ukwamkela umgaqo we-Yarn Forward, oko kukuthi, ukuqala kwintambo, kufuneka ithengwe kumazwe angamalungu ukuze ujabulele. Uluhlu lweerhafu ezikhethiweyo. Enye yeengongoma eziphambili kwiinzame zothethathethwano ze-RCEP kukuqonda ukuba amazwe e-16 abelana ngesatifikethi esifanayo semvelaphi, kwaye i-Asia iya kuhlanganiswa kwimvelaphi efanayo ebanzi. Akukho mathandabuzo okuba oku kuya kunika amashishini alaphu kunye nempahla kula mazwe ali-16 umthengisi, uLungiselelo kunye nokukhutshwa kwezithethe kuzisa uncedo olukhulu.

Iza kusombulula izinto ezixhalabisayo zeshishini lelaphu laseVietnam

Umlawuli weSebe leMvelaphi yokuNgenisa kunye nokuThumela ngaphandle kwi-Bureau yoMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye noRhwebo, uZheng Thi Chuxian, uthe eyona nto ibalulekileyo ye-RCEP iya kuzisa inzuzo kwishishini lokuthumela ngaphandle laseVietnam yimithetho yalo yemvelaphi, oko kukuthi, ukusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada kwamanye amazwe angamalungu kwilizwe elinye. Imveliso isathathwa njengelizwe lemvelaphi.

Umzekelo, iimveliso ezininzi eziveliswe yiVietnam zisebenzisa imathiriyeli ekrwada ezivela eTshayina azikwazi ukonwabela amaxabiso erhafu akhethekileyo xa zithunyelwa eJapan, eMzantsi Korea, naseIndiya. Ngokutsho kwe-RCEP, iimveliso eziveliswe yiVietnam zisebenzisa izinto eziluhlaza ezivela kwamanye amazwe angamalungu zisabonwa njengemvelaphi eVietnam. Iirhafu ezikhethiweyo ziyafumaneka ukuze zithunyelwe ngaphandle. Ngo-2018, umzi-mveliso welaphu waseVietnam wathumela ngaphandle kwe-36.2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika, kodwa izinto ezingeyomfuneko (ezifana nomqhaphu, iifayibha kunye nezixhobo) zafikelela kwi-23 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika, uninzi lwazo zisuka eTshayina, eMzantsi Korea naseIndiya. Ukuba i-RCEP isayinwe, iya kusombulula iinkxalabo ze-Vietnamese textile industry malunga nemathiriyeli ekrwada.

Ikhonkco lokubonelela ngelaphu lehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba lenze ipateni ekhokelayo yeTshayina + amazwe angabamelwane

Ngophuculo oluqhubekayo lwelaphu laseTshayina kunye nempahla enxulumene ne-R&D, uyilo kunye nobugcisa bemveliso yemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye neyokuncedisa, amanye amakhonkco okuvelisa aphantsi atshintshelwe kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Ngelixa urhwebo lwaseTshayina kwiimveliso zamalaphu kunye neempahla ezigqityiweyo kuMazantsi-mpuma e-Asia lwehlile, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ekrwada kunye nezinto ezincedisayo kuya kunyuka kakhulu. .

Nangona ushishino lwamalaphu lwamazwe akumazantsi mpuma eAsia amelwe yiVietnam lukhula, iinkampani zamalaphu zaseTshayina azikho ngokupheleleyo kwimeko yokutshintshwa.

I-RCEP ekhuthazwa ngokudibeneyo yi-China kunye ne-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia ikwayinjongo yokuphumeza intsebenziswano yokuphumelela. Ngokusebenzisa intsebenziswano yezoqoqosho kwingingqi, iChina kunye namazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia anokufikelela kuphuhliso olufanayo.

Kwixesha elizayo, kuthungelwano lwamalaphu ehlabathi, ipateni ebalaseleyo yeTshayina + amazwe angabamelwane kulindeleke ukuba enze.